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1.

    Making beers on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the University of California at San Diego, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earth’s surface.

The Lab2Moon competition, held by TeamIndus, is offering students the chance to secure a spot on the TeamIndus rocket this year.

Taking craft beer to the next level, the students want to test whether it’s possible for yeast(酵母) to work and create beer on the moon. However, they believe the experiment is not just a creative concept for astronauts, it’s also important for the development of drugs and yeast-containing food, like bread.

“The idea started out with a few laughs among a group of friends,” said Neeki Ashari, a fifth-year bioengineering students at UC San Diego. “We all appreciate the craft beer. When we heard that there was an opportunity to design an experiment that would go up on India’s moonlander, w e thought we could combine our hobby with the competition by focusing on the practicality of yeast in outer space.”

The preparation work for the beer — up to the stage of adding yeast — will all be done on Earth, and rather than separating the fermentation ( 发酵) and carbonation stage of making beer, the team plans to combine them.

This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space.

If selected, Team Original Gravity will be the first to make beer in outer space, and the fermentation will take place in a container no bigger than a soda can.

All teams competing for the place will showcase their ideas in Bangalore, India, in March.

Sadly, you won’t be enjoying moon beer in your local craft beer bar anytime soon, as no samples will be brought back. However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables (消耗品) behave in different environments.

100How did the students feel when they got the chance to design the experiment ?

AExcited.                                                    BNervous.

CConfident.                                                 DCasual.

101What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 6 refer to?

AThe mixing of two stages.                           BAdding yeast on Earth.

CThe preparation work on Earth.                   DFermentation and carbonation.

102What can we learn about the experiment from the passage?

AIt has been designed based on similar experiments.

BIt’s quite competitive compared with other designs.

CIt’s design has already been approved by TeamIndus.

DIts process was adapted to make it safer and greener.

103What does the author think of the students ’ idea?

AIt seems like a pipe dream.                          BIt’s extremely complicated.

CIt’s meaningful and hopeful.                        DIt’s creative but impractical.

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【答案】

100A

101A

102D

103C

【分析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了对许多人来说,在月球上酿造啤酒似乎是天方夜谭,但对于一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说,这是一个将他们的研究带出地球表面的机会。

100推理判断题。根据第一段Making beers on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the University of California at San Diego, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earth’s surface.(对许多人来说,在月球上酿造啤酒似乎是天方夜谭,但对于一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说,这是一个将他们的研究带出地球表面的机会。)由此推断出,当学生们有机会设计实验时,他们感觉很兴奋,故选A

101词义猜测题。根据上文The preparation work for the beer — up to the stage of adding yeast — will all be done on Earth, and rather than separating the fermentation ( 发酵) and carbonation stage of making beer, the team plans to combine them.可知,啤酒的准备工作——直到添加酵母的阶段——都将在地球上完成,而不是将酿造啤酒的发酵和碳酸化阶段分开,团队计划将它们结合起来。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出。This指的是两个过程的混合,故选A

102推理判断题。根据倒数第四段This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space.(这消除了释放过程中积累的二氧化碳的需要,这可能会导致清洁和安全问题。)由此推断出,我们能从文章中了解到这次实验的生产过程经过了调整,使其更安全、更环保,故选D

103推理判断题。根据最后一段However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables (消耗品) behave in different environments.(然而,通过了解消耗品在不同环境中的行为,这个小实验可以为我们提供重要的数据,告诉我们在其他行星和卫星上制造和创造我们自己的资源有多实际。)由此推断出,作者认为这些学生的想法有意义和充满希望,故选C

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1.

    Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.

Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.

However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.

199Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?

AThey must run long distances.

BThey are qualified for the marathon.

CThey have to follow special rules.

DThey are good at swinging their legs.

200What advantage does race walking have over running?

AIt’s more popular at the Olympics.

BIt’s less challenging physically.

CIt’s more effective in body building.

DIt’s less likely to cause knee injuries.

201What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?

AGetting experts’ opinions.

BHaving a medical checkup.

CHiring an experienced coach.

DDoing regular exercises.

202Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

ASkeptical.                                                 BObjective.

CTolerant.                                                   DConservative.

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1.

    Along with soccer, basketball is a global sport. As you read this. young people somewhere in the world are happily passing, dribbling(运球) and shooting. It’s enormous fun and a joyful way to spend time with others.

Basketball is a game for everyone. Unlike golf or tennis. it doesn't require great wealth or a lot of space to play. After all, not many people have a golf course-sized backyard. and tennis equipment is expensive. Basketball, by contrast, just needs a wall with a hoop and a ball.

So after its invention by Canadian-American physical educator James Naismith in 1891, the sport took off within US citizens, who quickly became attracted to the game because it suited their circumstances. Today, 127 years later, basketball remains one of the most popular sports in the US, and the National Basketball Association (NBA)has an increasing appeal for fans around the world.

The success of basketball as global phenomenon is undoubtedly related to the way African-Americans play the game.” The basketball court reflected some of the major cultural shifts in America, such as from forbidding African-Americans to play basketball to allowing them to play in the NBA, "the LIVESTRONG website noted.

From the 1950s onwards, segregation rules, which had prohibited African-Americans from playing basketball in NBA games, were no longer used in the US. In 1950, when Earl Lloyd started to play for the Washington Capitols, things began to change. Since then, most of the greats of the game have been African-Americans, like Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, Kobe Bryant and LeBron James.

It's not difficult to see that there's a strong link between political liberation and basketball. Something of this is expressed in a quote from the US author John Edgar Wideman. He makes a connection between basketball and hope:" When it's' played the way it's supposed to be played. basketball happens in the air; flying, floating, raised above the floor, letting the oppressed(受压制的) people of this earth imagine themselves in their dreams.”

93What advantage does basketball have over golf or tennis, according to the author?

AIt can be played everywhere.

BIt doesn't cost much.

CIt doesn't require too much skill.

DIt interests almost everyone.

94What can we learn about basketball from Paragraph 3?

AThe sport was created by a PE teacher.

BThe sport was not popular with people at first.

CIts rules have been changed a lot to suit new circumstances.

DThe NBA.with a history of 127 Years. attracts people worldwide

95The main purpose of Paragraph 5 is to             .

Aexplain the origin and rules of NBA games in the 1950s

Bprove the popularity of basketball among African-Americans

Cstress the success African-Americans in basketball

Dshow how racial integration took place in basketball

96What do John Edgar Wideman's words mean?

ABasketball is sometimes a useful tool for politicians.

BAmerican people usually have a basketball dream.

CBasketball stands for the freedom and hopes of people.

DPolitical oppression is a serious problem in the US.

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1.

Nowadays, video gaming has made impressive gains in the field of standardized competition. One of the fashionable debates is whether competitive video games are sports or not. If cyberathletes are competing against formal teams in a formal environment, with real titles and monetary stakes on the line, it seems strange not to consider the activity a sport. However, unless something technologically odd gains complete control over our world in the next few decades, they never should be. Cyberathletes and eSports aren’t incomparable to traditional athletes and sports because they require less physical exertion or dedication. They are incomparable because they are different from traditional sports in a number of ways.

Traditional sports are steadfast, and consistent in their structures and mechanics. A professional American football player from any past decade could be transplanted into a current football field, and would only have to be told of a few minor rule changes. The player would know what to do, where to go, and how to accomplish the ultimate goal. He may need to learn a few new plays, but it’s fundamentally the same game. However, competitive video gaming has a variety of goals, and those goals are fluid and dynamic. A competitive video gamer from decades past might be aware of the final goal (winning the game, capturing the flag, eliminating the opposing team, etc.), but the execution ( 执行方式 ) would be completely foreign . Controls change, maps change, locations change, even the minute rules are adjusted on a regular basis. As a competitive video gamer, one needs to adapt to a much more aggressive ruleset than most sports or other games. Therefore the video game competitions are less likely to be properly regulated.

Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman, even the esoteric( 深奥的 ) ones, at least in an educational setting, where budgets and funding are set for them. While home computers are widely accessible, a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements. Even decade-old competitive games like Counter-Strike 1.6 require more equipment and gear than most traditional sports. A pick-up game of basketball, football, or soccer is far more accessible than a pick-up game of Counter-Strike .

Traditional sports are embedded in our culture for good reasons: they offer an entertaining diversion and a great form of physical activity for millions of worldwide fans. The principles and lessons gleaned from traditional sports emphasize teamwork, collaboration, and critical evaluations of any given game setting. While many of these lessons are applicable to competitive gaming, competitive video gamers are still distancing themselves from competing for “sport” status, when their pastime and trade is so fundamentally different and ever-changing at such a regular pace.

1 What is the author’s opinion towards competitive video games?

A They can be seen as sports due to their emphasis on teamwork.

B They can be seen as sports due to their standardized regulations.

C They can not be seen as sports due to their lack of physical and mental efforts.

D They can not be seen as sports due to the inconsistent rules and high requirements.

2 What does the underlined word “foreign” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A Difficult. B Common. C Typical. D Different.

3 Why does the author mention Counter-Strike in Paragraph 3?

A To explain the reason why eSports surpass traditional sports.

B To explore the possibility that competitive video games will be sports.

C To provide an example of the difference between eSports and traditional sports.

D To account for the fact that the competitive features of video games are impressive.

4 How does the author develop his idea?

A By quoting and citing.

B By listing and analyzing.

C By comparison and contrast.

D By explaining and evaluating.

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