Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.你估计这位著名艺术家的原版画作要多少钱?(estimate)
2.本想让自己放松一下的假期结果却成了一场灾难。(intend)
3.这个手无寸铁的年轻人冒着生命危险阻止了歹徒逃离现场,他足多么勇敢啊! (risk n.)
4.在当今社会,诱惑和干扰无处不在,自律即使不是最重要的,也是重要的品 质之一,因为它有效地促进了一个人的进步和发展。(where)
1.How much do you estimate the famous artist’s original painting costs?
2.The holiday intended to relax myself turned out to be a disaster.
3.How brave the unarmed young man was to stop (prevent) the criminal from running away from the scene at the risk of his own life!
4.In today’s society where temptations and distractions are everywhere, self-discipline is one of the most important qualities, if not the most important, for / as it contributes effectively to / promotes / enhances a man’s progress and development.
【分析】
本题考查翻译,注意使用括号内的提示词翻译。
1.考查特殊疑问词。根据一可知本句使用特殊疑问句,对价格的提问用how much,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:How much do you estimate the famous artist’s original painting costs?
2.考查非谓语动词和固定短语。be intended to表示“意图是、为了”,此处去掉be做后置定语修饰holiday,turn out to be表示“结果是”,语境表明事情发生在过去,用一般过去时,故翻译为:The holiday intended to relax myself turned out to be a disaster.
3.考查感叹句。根据句意可知本句使用“how+形容词+主语+谓语”形式的感叹句,be brave to do表示“勇敢地做某事”,at the risk of表示“冒……的风险”,prevent/stop sb from doing表示“阻止某人做某事”,语境表明事情发生在过去,用一般过去时,故翻译为:How brave the unarmed young man was to stop (prevent) the criminal from running away from the scene at the risk of his own life!
4.考查定语从句。根据句意和提示词可知本句使用where引导的定语从句,指代先行词society并在从句中作地点状语,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:In today’s society where temptations and distractions are everywhere, self-discipline is one of the most important qualities, if not the most important, for / as it contributes effectively to / promotes / enhances a man’s progress and development.
一般疑问句的概念:
就全句提出问题,希望对方给予肯定或否定答复的问句,叫做一般疑问句。回答时要用Yes或No来开头,句末用问号,朗读时用升调。其结构是:系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分?
一般疑问句用法要点:
一、一般疑问句的基本结构:
1、如果谓语中有情态动词、助动词或be,将这些词移到主语之前。
如:Can you dance? 你会跳舞吗?
Will he go there tomorrow? 他明天去那里?
Are you a student? 你是学生吗?
2、如果谓语中没有情态动词、助动词或be,就在主语前加助动词do(does、did),原来的动词都用原形。
如:Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗?
Does your brother like English? 你的兄弟喜欢英语吗?
Did you sleep well last night? 你昨晚睡得好吗?
注:have做助动词时,将其移至主语前;作“有”解时也可以将其移至主语前;不是作“有”解的为行为动词时,其疑问式和其他行为动词一样要在主语前加do(does、did)。
如:Has he gone to England? 他到英国去了?
Have you(=Do you have)a car? 你有汽车吗?
Do you have lunch at school? 你是在学校吃中饭的吗?
二、一般疑问句的简略回答:
如:—Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?
—Yes, I can.(No, I can't)会。(不会)
—Have you finished your work? 你工作做完了吗?
—Yes, I have.(No, I haven't.)做完了。(还没有。)
—Is this your pen? 这是你的钢笔吗??
—Yes, it is. (No, it isn't)是的。(不是。)
三、一般疑问句的否定形式:
当说话人或是期待肯定的回答或是不期待对方的回答时用否定式。其结构,在口语里,总是把not与情态动词、助动词或be缩略成一个词;有时也将not放在主语后。
如:Can't you see the kite? 难道你看不到那个风筝?
Don't you like playing football? 难道你不喜欢踢足球?
Aren't you(=Are you not)aYoung Pioneer?难道你不是少先队员?
四、注意否定疑问句的回答:
英语的yes和no是对答语的肯定或否定,而不是对问句的肯定或否定,所以只要答语是肯定的,就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语是否定的,就用“No+否定结构”。这与汉语的习惯不同。
如:—Won't he go to the hospital? 难道他不去医院了?
—Yes, he will. (No, he won't.)不,他去。(是的,他不去。)
—Can't you speak English? 你难道不会讲英语吗?
—Yes, I can. (No, I can't.)不,我会。(是的,我不会)
五、陈述句语序的一般问句:
这种疑问句指望对方作出肯定的答复,其疑问意思由句末的升调来表达。
如:You want to see him? 你想见他?
I think they have asked for better pay again? 我想他们又要求加工资了吧?
不用yes或者no回答的一般疑问句:
用yes或no回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。但一般疑问句并不一定都用yes或no来回答,请看下面几种情况。
一、对别人的问话表示同意时,用yes回答固然可以,但如果更直截了当地回答时,可以不用yes。
1:Jim:Do you want a go?
Ling:OK, thanks.
2:Teacher:Could you take it to the classroom?
Liu Ming:Certainly.
3:Meimei:May I come then?
Ann:Sure!Work must come first!
注:ctrtainly多用于英国英语,而sure多用于美国英语。
如:Ann:May I go with you?
WeiHua:Why not?His home isn't far from here. Let's go.
二、对于别人提问的情况似乎知道,但回答时又没有多大把握时,可以用提问的方式、商量的口气或其他方式回答对方。
1、Meimei:Where's Wuhan?Do you know?
Lily:Er, is it in Hebei?
2、A:Is it in the box?
B:Let me have a look. Oh, here it is.
3、WeiHua:Is it ready now?
UncleWant:Come and look.
三、有些问题的答语不宜模棱两可,需要准确具体,否则,可能会引起别人的误解。
如:Wang:Can you speak Chinese?
Jim:Only a little.
注:若用yes回答,别人会认为你的汉语不错。
四、为了使回答显得委婉、客气、往往不采用yes来十分肯定自己的看法,也不用no来断然否定别人的意见,说话往往留有余地而礼貌谦恭。
1、A:Can you mend it?
B:I think so. Let me see.
2、A:Do you have a big piece, please?
B:Sorry, I don't.
3、Kate:Isthekitebroken?
Jim:I don't think so.
五、乐意或拒绝接受对方的邀请或要求时,不用yes或no,当拒绝或有不同的看法时,要婉言谢绝或提出自己的看法。
1、Ann:Would you like to come to supper?
Meimei:Oh, thank you!I would love to!But I must ask my parents first.
2、Jim:Shall we go to the park?
LinTao:Good idea!When shall we meet?
3、LiLei:Could I speak to Jim, please?
Kate:I'm afraid he's out at the moment.
4、LiLei:Oh!Is that a ball?Aren't all balls round?
Sam:Not in the USA.
5、A:Shall we meet at half past two?
B:All right.
六、在回答有些问题时,若回答者不愿或不便表明自己的态度,也往往不用yes或no作正面的回答。
1、A:Do you like doing housework?
B:I don't know.
2、A:Where're Lucy's pencils?Are they on her desk?
B:I can't see.
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