翻译句子
1.众所周知,在中国莫言是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的作家。(不定式作定语)
It is known that Mo Yan is ____________ a Nobel Prize in China.
2.中国人曾有一段为自由而不得不斗争的日子。 (定语从句)
There used to be a time _________________________________________________.
3.大夫详细地告诉了我该何时服药以及如何服药。 (疑问词+不定式)
The doctor gave me instructions in detail on _________________________________________.
4.报纸上有一篇抨击总统没有遵守诺言的文章。(attack)
There is a newspaper article ____________________________________.
5.直到关上门,我才意识到我把钥匙忘在书房里了。 (倒装结构)
Only when I closed the door ________________________ I left my keys in the study.
1. the first writer to win
2. when the Chinese people had to struggle for their freedom
3. when and how to take medicine
4. attacking the President for failing to keep his promise
5. did I realizeonly
【解析】
1.当名词或代词前有the first,the second等序数词修饰时,后面常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。
2.根据句意和提示可知,空处所填内容为定语从句。分析句子结构可知,关系词指代先行词a time并在从句中作时间状语,故用when引导该定语从句。
3.根据句意和提示词可知,此处应该用疑问词when和how,后跟不定式,一起作介词on的宾语。
4.根据句意和提示词可知,此处应用attack sb. for doing sth.结构,意为“抨击某人做了某事”。
5.修饰状语或状语从句放于句首时,后面要用部分倒装的句式。如果句中有be动词、助动词或情态动词,要把它们放在主语前面,如果没有就要借助助动词do以及它的相关变形。
【点睛】
在定语从句中选择关系代词还是关系副词,关键在于关系词指代先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。如果关系词指代先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语或定语,常用关系代词引导定语从句;如果关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作状语,常用关系副词引导定语从句。如:
I will never forget the day that I spent in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我在北京度过的那一天。
I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.我永远不会忘记我第一次来北京的那一天。
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力;适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51.. |
52. with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53. old men’s premature death. • When 54. from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55. activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56. to them. • Think about how to57. depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58., to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59.to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60. social life. |