Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.

The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.

This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer’s office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public’s fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.

This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.

113．Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?

A．Academic.              B．Unattractive.           C．Inexpensive.           D．Confidential.

114．What did street sales mean to newspapers?

A．They would be priced higher.                      B．They would disappear from cities.

C．They could have more readers.                    D．They could regain public trust.

115．Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?

A．Local politicians.                                       B．Common people.

C．Young publishers.                                      D．Rich businessmen.

116．What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?

A．It was a difficult process.                            B．It was a temporary success.

C．It was a robbery of the poor.                        D．It was a disaster for printers.

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Hawaii is the only state not on the continent of North America. The State of Hawaii consists 1 ． 8 bigger islands and 2000 more small islands. Of the bigger islands, Hawaii Island is not only the largest but also the youngest. People can find a few active volcanoes in the island. Mauna Loa and Kilauea are the most active volcanoes, 2 ． the American government has opened Volcanoes National Park. The island’s largest city Hino, also the second largest one in Hawaii State, 3 ． (stand) on the northeast coast of the island.

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Invented 1 ． early twentieth-century America by Richard Drew, Scotch tape can be used to fix almost anything. However, there is more to this fix-it-all than just that. Sticky yet easily removed, Scotch tape was designed for use in painting cars—to mask off areas that should not 2 ． (paint). The tape soon found other uses. During the 1930s, people didn’t have much money, so they couldn’t throw away damaged things; they had to repair them. Drew’s painting tape became a popular, money-saving fix for everything from torn clothing to broken eggs. Since then, people 3 ． (find) all sorts of creative ways to use the sticky tape.

Where you choose to stay can make or break your vacation experience.But even the most experienced travelers may not know the difference between the two main types of homes-away-from-home—hotels and motels. 1 ． The answer isn’t as simple as you’d think.

These two types of lodging( 住宿 )have the same basic purpose—a place for travelers to sleep. 2 ． For instance ， they came to be for different reasons ， and at very different times.

The word“hotel”dates back to the 1600s and comes from a French word ， hôtel.That word ， just like the English one.referred to a place that provides lodging ， meals ， entertainment ， and other services to travelers. 3 ． This word dates back to the 1920s and combines the words“hotel”and“motor.”As America’s major highway system developed ， so did motels ， filling the need for roadside stops for motorists traveling cross-country.

4 ． Hotels tend to be built for longer stays ， while motels are intended more for one-or two-night stops along a journey.Because of this ， hotels are much more likely to have offerings like lounges ， gyms ， and entertainment.

5 ． Want the place you stay to be just as much a part of your travel experience as anything else? Choose a hotel ， Just need a place to pop in and out of to shower and sleep? A motel might be the better choice.

A ． There are many secrets that hotels won’t tell you.

B ． But there are plenty of features that set them apart.

C ． Have you ever stayed in a motel on your vacation?

D ． Motels ， on the other hand ， are a much more recent lodging option.

E.Besides their first letters ， is there any real difference between them?

F.So ， in the end ， it comes down to what you want from your trip and from your lodging.

G.There are also other differences that can help you figure out which type of place you’re in.

It is always said that China is the homeland of tea, which has a very long history of tea. 1 ． However, unlike the western custom of using a convenient teabag, Chinese go to a lot of effort and time to prepare good tea for their guests, using tea leaves, natural spring water and a special kettle etc. to create worldwide famous tea culture. Tea is not just a drinkable beverage( 饮料 ), but also a taste of Chinese traditional culture and inheritance( 继承 ) of spirit. Unsurprisingly, there are various tea leaves in China. 2 ．

➢Color

3 ． Good green tea leaves have jade green with fresh vitality. Twisted pan green tea shows glossy gray green. If some of the tea leaves have dry, dark and brown colors, it means it is old tea. If the leaves have mixed, large contrast colors, it is believed that the tea is mixed with yellow leaves, old leaves and even old tea, which does not live up to the standard of good tea.

➢Flavor( 味道 )

New tea is extremely clear and transparent with strong aroma( 芳香 ), while old tea is characterized by brown color and weak fragrance. Take green tea and black tea for example, new green tea tastes a little bitter first, and then the fresh sweet taste begins to surface gradually, leaving a long and memorable after taste in mouth. 4 ．

➢Place of origin

There is great gap of quality among various places of origin. 5 ． For example, it is well-known that Yunnan produces the best quality Pu'er tea and premium Oolong tea can be found within Fujian Province.

A ． Every tea leaf has its own shape.

B ． Some varieties are identified by tightness of the leaves.

C ． It is always advised to select tea from its main producing areas.

D ． While you’re selecting tea, you should pay attention to following aspects.

E.For foreigners in China, drinking tea may seem like simple refreshment( 提神 ).

F.Generally, new tea leaves look fresh and pleasing, with light green or dark green.

G.On the contrary, if bitter taste takes the lead and fresh sweet taste subsides( 减弱 ), it is black tea.