It was a reading class. While all her classmates were flying through the 2nd and 3rd books in the Harry Potter series, Skye Malik, only on page four of the first book, got impossibly stuck on the word “doughnut”.
Her unexpected difficulty with reading is called dyslexia. Skye got a professional diagnosis at the end of the 2nd grade. Knowing that other kids were going through the same thing made it easier on her somehow. What wasn’t easy, even after all the help she got from special tutors and reading programs, was fluent reading. What many people do without thinking—reading—she had to struggle with word by word, sometimes letter by letter. In class, she would hear the other kids flip through the pages on assignments and go on to the questions while she was still doing battle with the first paragraph.
She was as frustrated as she was discouraged. But she didn’t know of any other way until her 4th grade teacher, Miss Pollock, told her about something called Learning Ally.
Learning Ally is a non-profit organization that offers audio versions of books. A crew of volunteer readers has recorded 75,000 classic novels, children’s books, and school textbooks that help more than 300,000 students and adults with learning differences or who are blind. Now Skye could listen to the books with her ears and follow the words with her eyes on the page. Instead of having her mother read her textbooks to her, she could independently do her work. “With Learning Ally, I feel confident and capable and can easily keep up with my classmates,” Skye explains, “and I want other kids to feel empowered, just the way I did.”
So Skye, now aged 16, created The Paco Project which was named after her grandfather whose nickname was “Paco”. The Paco Project is a fundraiser and educational initiative focusing on giving students with dyslexia access to the same Learning Ally technology that changed her life.
Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who have been diagnosed. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and helping them be confident, capable students.
“Right now they feel stuck — ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.”
1 ． According to the passage, Skye ________.
A ． found a way out with the help of Miss Pollock
B ． felt annoyed at being teased by her classmates
C ． preferred reading the first book of Harry Potter
D ． was diagnosed with dyslexia in her fourth grade
2 ． The Paco Project was created ________.
A ． to promote Learning Ally technology
B ． to empower those with reading difficulty
C ． with inspiration from Skye5s grandfather
D ． in response to the growing demands of teachers
3 ． The passage is mainly about ________.
A ． what people with dyslexia are suffering
B ． what measures are needed to beat dyslexia
C ． how Learning Ally influenced people with dyslexia
D ． how Skye battled against dyslexia and helped others
1 ． A
2 ． B
3 ． D
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Skye Malik 作为一名有阅读障碍的孩子，在老师 pollock 的帮助下，使用了可提供有声读物的非盈利性组织 Learning Ally 帮助她顺利地听到了很多书。等 Skye 长大后，创立了一个名为 Paco 的项目，给有阅读障碍的孩子们提供帮助，她希望更多的孩子可以因为她的帮助过上正常和美好的生活。
1 ．细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “But she didn’t know of any other way until her 4th grade teacher, Miss Pollock, told her about something called Learning Ally.( 但是她不知道其他的方法，直到她四年级的老师 Pollock 小姐告诉她一个叫做 Learning Ally 的东西。 )” 可知， Skye 是通过 Pollock 老师知道了 Learning Ally ，所以是在 Pollock 小姐的帮助下找到了解決办法。故选 A 。
2 ．细节理解题。根据文章第五段 “The Paco Project is a fundraiser and educational initiative focusing on giving students with dyslexia access to the same Learning Ally technology that changed her life.( Paco 项目是一个资金筹集者和教育倡议，致力于让有诵读困难的学生使用改变她生活的 “ 学习联盟 ” 技术。 )” 可知， Paco 项目和 Learning Ally 一样，是致力于让有诵读困难的学生改变生活的项目。故选 B 。
3. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知， Skye 是一个阅读障碍患者，通过他人的帮助，对抗这个病症，并在长大后也开始帮助其他阅读障碍患者的故事。故选 D 。
缩写与简写的概念：
用单词首尾字母组成一个新词的英语构词法叫做首尾字母缩略法。这种形式的英语构词生成的新词，读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
如：Foreign Language Teaching Agency→FLTA上海外教网
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
Teach English as a Foreign Language→TEFL
Teach English as a Second Language→TESL
Graduate Record Examination→GRE美国研究生入学考试
缩写的几种类型：
1、单词缩写应省略在辅音之后，元音之前：
英文单词缩写一般以辅音结尾，而不以元音结尾。如American省略为Am，而不省略为Ame或Amer，Medicine或Medical缩写为Med，European缩写为Eur等。但Science例外，缩写为Sci，可能是因为元音I之后又是元音E的缘故。缩写刊名每个词首字母必须大写，而不可全部都用大写或小写。
2、压缩字母法：
仅个别单词采用压缩字母方式缩写。
如：Japanese缩写为Jpn而不是Jan
National应缩写为Natl而不是Nat
经常有读者将Japanese写成Jan是参考文献著录中常见的错误。
如：Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology，应缩写为JpnJOphthalmol，National Cancer Institute Research Report缩写为NatlCancerInstResRep。而Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写，如：NatureMedicine, Naturebiotechnology分别缩写为NatMed, NatBiotechnol。
另外CN是中国的国别代码，期刊缩写刊名中，ChinaChinese不得缩写为CN，而应缩写为Chin.采用压缩写法是为了避免与其他常用缩写混淆。
如：Japanese不能缩写为Jan,可能是Jan是January的固定缩写形式，National缩写为Natl而不缩写为Nat,可能是Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写。
3、学科名称缩写：
刊名中学科名称缩写很常见，因而了解学科名缩写规则非常必要。凡以-ogy结尾的单词，一律将词尾-ogy去掉，如Cardiology缩写为Cariol，Biology缩写为Biol,以-ics结尾的学科名词，缩写时将-ics或连同其前面若干字母略去。如：Physics缩写为Phys。以-try结尾的词，缩写时将-try连同前面若干字母略去。如：chemistry缩写为Chem。其中也包括其他形容词的缩写。
4、刊名中常用词和特殊单词的缩写：
期刊名中有些常用单词可以缩写为一个字母。
如：Journal缩写为J
Quarterly缩写为Q
Royal缩写为R
New缩写为N
South缩写为S
5、刊名首字母组合：
有些杂志名称缩写采用首字母组合，而且已被固定下来，一般都是国际上有较大影响的期刊，并得到国际上众多索引性检索工具的认同。
如：The Journal of American Medical Association缩写为JAMA， British Medical Journal缩写为BMJ等。
6、国家名称的缩写：
刊名中国家名称的缩写分为两种情况。如国家名称为单个词汇，缩写时常略去词尾或词的后部分若干字母。
如：American缩写为Am
British缩写为Br
Chinese缩写为Chin
而国家名称由多个词组组成时，常取每个词的首字母，如United States of America 缩写为USA或US。
7、虚词一律省略：
有许多虚词，如the, of, for, and, on, from, to等，在缩写时均省去。
如：Journal of chemistry缩写为J chem
Archives of Medical Research缩写为Arch Med Res
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