从方框中选择短语并用其适当的形式填空。
| apply for take notes sign up for focus on be suitable for |
1 ． You’d better ________ in class so that I can borrow your notebook.
2 ． Before you________ the advanced literature, you’d better ask the adviser for advice.
3 ． The course ________ both beginners and advanced students.
4 ． Many graduates________ the position because it can give them a lot of chances to succeed.
5 ． We should learn to ________ the new day ,not the past.
take notes 2 ． sign up for 3 ． is suitable for 4 ． apply for 5 ． focus on
【解析】 1 ．考查动词短语词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：你最好在课堂上记笔记，这样我就可以借你的笔记本了。根据句中的 “in class” 和 “notebook” 可知， take notes 意为：记笔记，符合句意； had better do sth 为固定搭配，意为：最好做某事，所以用动词原形。故填 take notes 。
2 ．考查动词短语词义辨析、时态和主谓一致。句意：在你报名参加高等文学课程之前，最好向导师征求意见。 sign up for 意为：报名参加、选课，符合句意； before 引导时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将要发生的事情；主语为 “you” ，应用动词原形。故填 sign up for 。
3 ．考查动词短语词义辨析、时态和主谓一致。句意：这门课程既适合初级学生，也适合高级学生。 be suitable for 意为：适合，符合句意；本句说明客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语为 “The course” ，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式 is 。故填 is suitable for 。
4 ．考查动词短语词义辨析、时态和主谓一致。句意：许多毕业生申请这个职位，因为它可以给他们很多成功的机会。 apply for 意为：申请，符合句意；根据句中 “can” 及句意，本句说明目前存在的情况，应用一般现在时；主语是 “Many graduates” ，复数形式，应用动词原形。故填 apply for 。
5 ．考查动词短语词义辨析和动词不定式。句意：我们应该学会关注新的一天，而不是过去。 focus on 意为：关注，符合句意；固定搭配 learn to do sth 意为：学会做某事， to do 为动词不定式；根据设空处前 “to” 可知，此处应用动词原形。故填 forcus on 。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力；适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51．. |
| 52． with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53． old men’s premature death. • When 54． from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
| Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55． activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56． to them. • Think about how to57． depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58．, to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
| Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59．to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60． social life. |