The city of Angkor was the capital of the Khmer Empire from the 9th to the 15th centuries. The Khmer Empire was one of the most prosperous kingdoms in the history of Southeast Asia, and its prosperity was expressed through a wide range of architecture.
The city of Angkor was founded on political and religious ideas adapted from India, and the temples of Angkor were intended as a place of worship for the king and a way for him to ensure his immortality through identification with the Hindu gods.
Angkor Wat was first built by King Suryavarman Ⅱ in the 12th century as a vast funerary temple that would hold his remains, symbolically(象征性地) confirming his permanent identity with Vishnu.
During its six centuries as imperial capital, Angkor went through many changes in architectural styles and in religion. The city of Angkor transferred itself from the Hindu god Shiva to the Hindu god Vishnu, and finally to the Mahayana Buddhist goddess Avalokitesvara.
By the late 13th century, the once frenzied(发狂的) pace of Angkor's architectural pursuits had begun to die down, and a more restrained type of religion was on the rise under the growing influence of Theravada Buddhism.
At the same time, Angkor and the Khmer Empire were increasingly threatened and attacked by invading armies. By the 16th century, the golden age of Angkor was over and many of the great temples began to move back into the jungle.
From the 15th to 19th centuries, Theravada Buddhist monks cared for Angkor Wat, and it is thanks to them that the temple remains mostly intact(完整的). Angkor Wat became one of the most important pilgrimage(朝拜) sites in Southeast Asia. Angkor Wat is the best preserved example of Khmer architecture in Cambodia and is so grand in design that some rank it among the seven wonders of the world. It appears on the Cambodian national flag, a very rare instance of a flag with an image of a building.
1. Angkor Wat was first built to________.
A. hold the remains of a king B. serve as the royal palace
C. worship the gods D. be the tomb for the king
2. Angkor Wat probably began to face real threat from________.
A. the 12th century B. the late 13th century
C. the 16th century D. the 15th century
3. Vishnu was the name of________.
A. a king in ancient Cambodia
B. a temple in Cambodia
C. an Indian god
D. a monk in ancient Cambodia
4. We can infer from the last paragraph that________.
A. Angkor Wat is widely accepted as one of the seven wonders of the world
B. Theravada Buddhist monks had fought against the outside invaders
C. Angkor Wat is not so important as it used to be
D. Angkor Wat has become a symbol of Cambodia
5. The passage mainly tells us________.
A. the history of Angkor Wat
B. the protection of Angkor Wat
C. the importance of Angkor Wat
D. the position of Angkor in Cambodian history
.1. 解析:选A。细节理解题。从文章第三段可知,吴哥窟最初是为了保存国王的遗物而修建的。
2. 解析:选B。细节理解题。综合文章后三段可知,13世纪末,吴哥城遭受外来侵略,是和尚保护了吴哥窟,因此说明,自从遭受外来侵略,昊哥窟就面临着威胁。
3. 解析:选C。细节理解题。从文章第四段最后一句可知答案,这是一个印度神的名字。
4. 解析:选D。推理判断题。文章最后一段说明,吴哥窟上了柬埔寨的国旗,说明它是柬埔寨的象征。
5. 解析:选A。主旨大意题。综合全文可知,本文重点说明吴哥窟的历史,而不是吴哥城在柬埔寨的历史地位。
什么是历史文化类阅读:
本类题型常用的方式是夹叙夹议。叙述的目的是为了议,所以要把握其议才是主要方面。阅读这类文章,先弄清其引入的话题,再弄清里面人物对其不同的看法,然后理解作者本身对话题的观点看法或思考。
历史文化类阅读技巧:
【题型说明】历史文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。
【答题方法】在做这类阅读理解题时,我们应注意以下几个方面:
1、采用先题后文:先读题目,再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点,如果带着问题读文章,有利于我们抓细节。
2、先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后,自然会加深我们对文章的理解,这样更有利于做主旨大意题。
3、重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类:一类是Main idea型;一类是Topic或Title型。
在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点:
a.读首句抓大意。
文化教育类阅读理解文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁,而这类文章大都采用文章段落的中心,即主题句在文章开头。因此,要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
b.读尾句抓大意。
有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾,作为对全篇的总结。
c.读首段抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同,而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。
d.从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句在文章中,这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表达的主题,在主题句出现后,再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
e.归纳要点抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。
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