In 1854, Louis Pasteur assumed the duties of a professor at a university in France. Meanwhile, he conducted studies to find out what caused milk and other drinks containing alcohol to become sour. His breakthrough came when he discovered that the souring was caused by bacteria in the liquid. He then developed a process through which the bacteria could be removed by boiling the liquid and then cooling it. This method, called pasteurization in his honor, became widespread.
At that time, silk producers were suffering because the eggs of the worms that made the silk were dying from an unknown disease. Pasteur discovered the bacteria that were killing the eggs and developed a method to kill the germs.
Pasteur next turned his attention to rabies, a deadly disease that animals transferred to humans. Many people thought Pasteur was wasting his time, but Pasteur ignored their doubts and continued his efforts to find a cure for rabies. One of his patients was a sick boy, whose mother had turned to Pasteur for help. Pasteur told the mother that he had invented a vaccine that was strong enough to kill the invisible enemy. He said that he would use a needle to inject the vaccine into the boy. The vaccine would then fight the germs, just like a soldier fights in a war.
That boy was the first person to receive the vaccine, and the treatment was a success. After that, no one had to be afraid of rabies anymore. People who had laughed at him before, now respected him. Pasteur had believed in himself and had not given up. He had won the battle with the enemy.
21. Pasteur helped the ________ industry with the method named after him.
A. construction B. energy C. beer D. service
22. Why does Pasteur compare his rabies treatment with soldiers?
A. To encourage people to pity the man.
B. To imply that the vaccine was strong.
C. To express his feelings about wars.
D. To show that the germs could be useful.
23. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The teaching techniques that Pasteur employed.
B. Pasteur’s interest in a key manufacturing process.
C. Pasteur’s psychological issues and their treatment.
D. The advances that Pasteur achieved in his field.
CBD
什么是历史文化类阅读:
本类题型常用的方式是夹叙夹议。叙述的目的是为了议,所以要把握其议才是主要方面。阅读这类文章,先弄清其引入的话题,再弄清里面人物对其不同的看法,然后理解作者本身对话题的观点看法或思考。
历史文化类阅读技巧:
【题型说明】历史文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。
【答题方法】在做这类阅读理解题时,我们应注意以下几个方面:
1、采用先题后文:先读题目,再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点,如果带着问题读文章,有利于我们抓细节。
2、先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后,自然会加深我们对文章的理解,这样更有利于做主旨大意题。
3、重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类:一类是Main idea型;一类是Topic或Title型。
在解答这类试题时应注意以下几点:
a.读首句抓大意。
文化教育类阅读理解文章多采用说明文、议论文体裁,而这类文章大都采用文章段落的中心,即主题句在文章开头。因此,要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
b.读尾句抓大意。
有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾,作为对全篇的总结。
c.读首段抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同,而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。
d.从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句在文章中,这种文章或段落往往以一句话或几句话引出要表达的主题,在主题句出现后,再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
e.归纳要点抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。
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